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The use of miniaturized biomedical devices implanted in the human body andwirelessly internetworked is promising a significant leap forward in medicaltreatment of many pervasive diseases. Recognizing the well-understoodlimitations of traditional radio-frequency wireless communications ininterconnecting devices within the human body, in this paper we propose for thefirst time to develop network protocols for implantable devices based onultrasonic transmissions. We start off by assessing the feasibility of usingultrasonic propagation in human body tissues and by deriving an accuratechannel model for ultrasonic intra-body communications. Then, we propose a newultrasonic transmission and multiple access technique, which we refer to asUltrasonic WideBand (UsWB). UsWB is based on the idea of transmittinginformation bits spread over very short pulses following a time-hoppingpattern. The short impulse duration results in limited reflection andscattering effects, and its low duty cycle reduces the thermal and mechanicaleffects, which are detrimental for human health. We then develop a multipleaccess technique with distributed control to enable efficient simultaneousaccess by interfering devices based on minimal and localized informationexchange and on measurements at the receiver only. Finally, we demonstrate theperformance of UsWB through a multi-scale simulator that models the proposedcommunication system at the acoustic wave level, at the physical (bit) level,and at the network (packet) level.

Distributed MAC and Rate Adaptation for Ultrasonically Networked Implantable Sensors