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The concept of mechanical work is inherited from the concepts of potentiaabsoluta and men's work, both implemented in the Section IX of DanielBernoulli's Hydrodynamica in 1738. Nonetheless, Bernoulli did not confuse thosetwo entities: he defined a link from gender to species between the former,general, and the latter, organic. Besides, Bernoulli clearly distinguished visviva and potentia absoluta (or work). Their mutual conversions are rarelyexplicitly mentionned in this book, except once, in the Section X of his work,from vis viva to work, and subordinated to the mediation of a machine, in adriving forces substitution problem. His attitude significantly evolved in atext in 1753, in which work and vis viva were unambiguously connected, whilethe concept of potentia absoluta was reduced to the one of men's work, and theexpression itself was abandoned. It was then accepted that work can beconverted into vis viva, but the opposite is true in only one case, theintra-organic one. The concept of tiredness, seen as an expenditure of animalspirits conceived themselves as little tensed springs liberating vis viva,allowed direct conversion, even never quantified and listed simply as a model,from vis viva to work. Thus, work may have ultimately appeared as atransitional state between two kinds of vis viva, which the first isnon-quantifiable. At the same time, natural elements were discredited from anyhint of profitable production. Only men and animals were able to work in thestrict sense of the word. Nature did not work by itself, according toBernoulli. Despite his will to bring together rational mechanics and commonmechanics, one perceived in the work of Bernoulli the subsistence of a rarelycrossed disjunction between practical and theoretical fields.

Travail, force vive et fatigue dans l'oeuvre de Daniel Bernoulli: vers  l'optimisation du fait biologique (1738-1753) / Work, vis viva and tiredness  in Daniel Bernoulli's works: towards the optimization of the biological fact  (1738-1753)