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In the iron pnictide superconductors, two distinct unconventional mechanismsof superconductivity have been put forth: One is mediated by spin fluctuationsleading to the s+- state with sign change of superconducting gap between thehole and electron bands, and the other is orbital fluctuations which favor thes++ state without sign reversal. Here we report direct observation of peculiarmomentum-dependent anisotropy in the superconducting gap from angle-resolvedphotoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) in BaFe2(As1-xPx)2 (Tc=30 K). The largeanisotropy found only in the electron Fermi surface (FS) and the nearlyisotropic gap on the entire hole FSs are together consistent with modified s+-gap with nodal loops, which can be theoretically reproduced by considering bothspin and orbital fluctuations whose competition generates the gap modulation.This indicates that these two fluctuations are nearly equally important to thehigh-Tc superconductivity in this system.

Importance of both spin and orbital fluctuations in BaFe2(As1-xPx)2 : Evidence from superconducting gap anisotropy