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The review presents analysis and physical interpretation of availablestatistical data about solar wind plasma and interplanetary magnetic field(IMF) properties as measured in-situ at 1 A.U. by numerous space experimentsduring time period from 1964 to 2007. The experimental information have beencollected in the OMNI Web/NSSDC data set of hourly averaged heliosphericparameters for last four solar cycles from 20th to 23rd. We studied statisticalcharacteristics of such key heliospheric parameters as solar wind proton numberdensity, temperature, bulk velocity, and IMF vector as well as dimensionlessparameters. From harmonic analysis of the variations of key parameters we foundbasic periods of 13.5 days, 27 days, 1 year, and ~11 years, which correspond torotation of the Sun, Earth and to the solar cycle. We also revealed otherperiodicities such as specific five-year plasma density and temperaturevariations, which origin is a subject of discussion. We have found that thedistribution of solar wind proton density, temperature and IMF is very close toa log-normal function, while the solar wind velocity is characterized by a verybroad statistical distribution. Detailed study of the variability ofstatistical distributions with solar activity was performed using a method ofrunning histograms. In general, the distributions of heliospheric parametersare wider during maximum and declining phase of the solar cycle. Morecomplicated behavior was revealed for the solar wind velocity and temperature,which distribution is characterized by two- or even tree-peak structure independence on the phase of solar cycle. Our findings support the concepts ofsolar wind sources in the open, closed and intermittent magnetic regions on theSun.

Statistical Characteristics of the Heliospheric Plasma and Magnetic Field at the Earth's Orbit during Four Solar Cycles 20-23