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We measure firm-level productivity changes in the Indian electricity sectorduring a period that witnessed several pro-market regulatory changes. Usinginformation collected from multiple sources we construct a unique panel ofgenerating firms and transmission and distribution utilities spanning the years2000 to 2009. We employ a recently developed improvement in the StochasticFrontier panel method that allows controlling for time-invariant unobservedheterogeneity. Using the method we jointly estimate inefficiency and exogenousdeterminants of inefficiency. We estimate a flexible translog production modeland compute decomposition of productivity into components of changes intechnology, efficiency, scale and price effect. During this period, especiallypost Electricity Act 2003, we observed a general decline in firm-levelproductivity at the mean rate of -1.6% per year. A positive and large technicalchange is observed in the sector at the rate of 8% per year, attributablepossibly to newer capacity addition. Except for smaller gas based generators,inefficiency is observed to be increasing at the mean rate of 3.1% per year inthe sector. Consistent with extant findings we also document no significantimpact of un-bundling on firm-level efficiency.

Estimation of firm-level productivity changes in the Indian power  sector: Disentangling unobserved heterogeneity by a transformed fixed-effect  stochastic frontier model