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The 'holy grail' of exoplanet research today is the detection of anearth-like planet: a rocky planet in the habitable zone around a main-sequencestar. Extremely precise Doppler spectroscopy is an indispensable tool to findand characterize earth-like planets; however, to find these planets aroundsolar-type stars, we need nearly one order of magnitude better radial velocity(RV) precision than the best current spectrographs provide. Recent developmentsin astrophotonics (Bland-Hawthorn & Horton 2006, Bland-Hawthorn et al. 2010)and adaptive optics (AO) enable single mode fiber (SMF) fed, high resolutionspectrographs, which can realize the next step in precision. SMF feeds haveintrinsic advantages over multimode fiber or slit coupled spectrographs: Theintensity distribution at the fiber exit is extremely stable, and as a resultthe line spread function of a well-designed spectrograph is fully decoupledfrom input coupling conditions, like guiding or seeing variations (Ihle et al.2010). Modal noise, a limiting factor in current multimode fiber fedinstruments (Baudrand & Walker 2001), can be eliminated by proper design, andthe diffraction limited input to the spectrograph allows for very compactinstrument designs, which provide excellent optomechanical stability. A SMF isthe ideal interface for new, very precise wavelength calibrators, like laserfrequency combs (Steinmetz et al. 2008, Osterman et al. 2012), or SMF basedFabry-Perot Etalons (Halverson et al. 2012). At near infrared wavelengths,these technologies are ready to be implemented in on-sky instruments, oralready in use. We discuss a novel concept for such a spectrograph.

Single mode, extreme precision Doppler spectrographs