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Serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe nuclei, with their extensiveinnervation of nearly the whole brain have important modulatory effects on manycognitive and physiological processes. They play important roles in clinicaldepression and other psychiatric disorders. In order to quantify the effects ofserotonergic transmission on target cells it is desirable to constructcomputational models and to this end these it is necessary to have details ofthe biophysical and spike properties of the serotonergic neurons. Here severalbasic properties are reviewed with data from several studies since the 1960s tothe present. The quantities included are input resistance, resting membranepotential, membrane time constant, firing rate, spike duration, spike andafterhyperpolarization (AHP) amplitude, spike threshold, cell capacitance, somaand somadendritic areas. The action potentials of these cells are normallytriggered by a combination of sodium and calcium currents which may result inautonomous pacemaker activity. We here analyse the mechanisms of high-thresholdcalcium spikes which have been demonstrated in these cells the presence of TTX.The parameters for calcium dynamics required to give calcium spikes are quitedifferent from those for regular spiking which suggests the involvement ofrestricted parts of the soma-dendritic surface as has been found, for example,in hippocampal neurons.

Biophysical properties and computational modeling of calcium spikes in serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus