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This paper studies the optimal power allocation for outage minimization inpoint-to-point fading channels with the energy-harvesting constraints andchannel distribution information (CDI) at the transmitter. Both the cases withnon-causal and causal energy state information (ESI) are considered, whichcorrespond to the energy harvesting rates being known and unknown prior to thetransmissions, respectively. For the non-causal ESI case, the average outageprobability minimization problem over a finite horizon is shown to benon-convex for a large class of practical fading channels. However, theglobally optimal "offline" power allocation is obtained by a forward searchalgorithm with at most $N$ one-dimensional searches, and the optimal powerprofile is shown to be non-decreasing over time and have an interesting"save-then-transmit" structure. In particular, for the special case of N=1, ourresult revisits the classic outage capacity for fading channels with uniformpower allocation. Moreover, for the case with causal ESI, we propose both theoptimal and suboptimal "online" power allocation algorithms, by applying thetechnique of dynamic programming and exploring the structure of optimal offlinesolutions, respectively.

Optimal Power Allocation for Outage Minimization in Fading Channels with Energy Harvesting Constraints