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The progress in nanofabrication, measurement technology, and mesoscopictransport theory has been expanding the field of shot noise. Although awave-packet approach to DC shot noise of independent electrons at finitetemperature was offered as an intuitive alternative to the sophisticatedtheories, actual shot noise data often behave more complicated than the derivedsimple expression. For example, so-called effective charge can deviate fromelementary electronic charge due to correlated tunnelings. Also, there arecases where one wishes to know the full spectrum of the shot noise. It will beof great use if a handy method for the shot noise in various experimentalsituations is available. In this article, a classical wave-packet approach tothe shot noise is presented. The classical formulation provides a rigorous yetstraightforward formalism to compute the full spectrum and, furthermore,clarifies the structure of Fano factor and effective charge. Additionally, therole of realistic detectors and an application to cross correlationmeasurements are also discussed. The present method can serve as an intuitivecomplement to the full quantum mechanical and field theoretical approaches.

A classical wave-packet approach to shot noise: power spectrum, Fano factor, and effective charge