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Recently launched high precision Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellitessuch as TerraSAR-X, COSMO-SkyMed, etc. present a high potential for betterobservation and characterization of the cryosphere. This study introduces a newapproach using high frequency (X-band) SAR data and an ElectromagneticBackscattering Model (EBM) to constrain the detailed snowpack model Crocus. Asnowpack EBM based on radiative transfer theory, previously used for C-bandapplications, is adapted for the X-band. From measured or simulated snowpackstratigraphic profiles consisting of snow optical grain radius and density,this forward model calculates the backscattering coefficient for differentpolarimetric channels. The output result is then compared with spaceborneTerraSAR-X acquisitions to evaluate the forward model. Next, from the EBM, theadjoint operator is developed and used in a variational analysis scheme inorder to minimize the discrepancies between simulations and SAR observations. Atime series of TerraSAR-X acquisitions and in-situ measurements on theArgenti\`ere glacier (Mont-Blanc massif, French Alps) are used to evaluate theEBM and the data assimilation scheme. Results indicate that snow stratigraphicprofiles obtained after the analysis process show a closer agreement with themeasured ones than the initial ones, and therefore demonstrate the highpotential of assimilating SAR data to model of snow evolution.

Analysis of snowpack properties and structure from TerraSAR-X data, based on multilayer backscattering and snow evolution modeling approaches