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Most neurons in peripheral sensory pathways initially respond vigorously whena preferred stimulus is presented, but adapt as stimulation continues. It isunclear how this phenomenon affects stimulus representation in the later stagesof cortical sensory processing. Here, we show that a temporally sparse andreliable stimulus representation develops naturally in a network with adaptingneurons. We find that cellular adaptation plays a critical role in thetransient reduction of the trial-by-trial variability of cortical spiking,providing an explanation for a wide-spread and hitherto unexplained phenomenonby a simple mechanism. In insect olfaction, cellular adaptation is sufficientto explain the emergence of the temporally sparse and reliable stimulusrepresentation in the mushroom body, independent of inhibitory mechanisms. Ourresults reveal a computational principle that relates neuronal firing rateadaptation to temporal sparse coding and variability suppression in nervoussystems with a sequential processing architecture.

Cellular Adaptation Accounts for the Sparse and Reliable Sensory Stimulus Representation