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Usually, equal time is given to measuring the background and the sample, oreven a longer background measurement is taken as it has so few counts. Whilethis seems the right thing to do, the relative error after backgroundsubtraction improves when more time is spent counting the measurement with thehighest amount of scattering. As the available measurement time is alwayslimited, a good division must be found between measuring the background andsample, so that the uncertainty of the background-subtracted intensity is aslow as possible.  Herein outlined is the method to determine how best to divide measurementtime between a sample and the background, in order to minimize the relativeuncertainty. Also given is the relative reduction in uncertainty to be gainedfrom the considered division. It is particularly useful in the case of scanningdiffractometers, including the likes of Bonse-Hart cameras, where themeasurement time division for each point can be optimized depending on thesignal-to-noise ratio.

The optimal division between sample and background measurement time for photon counting experiments