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The Banda Arc, situated west of Irian Jaya and in the easternmost extensionof the Sunda subduction zone system, reveals a characteristic bowl-shapedgeometry in seismic tomographic images. This indicates that the oceaniclithosphere still remains attached to the surrounding continental margins ofnorthern Australia and the Bird's Head microcontinent. Major controversiesexist between authors proposing an allochthonous or autochthonous origin of theBird's Head block. Either scenario has important implications for platekinematic models aiming to reconstruct the tectonic evolution of the region andthe late Jurassic seaoor spreading geometry of this now subductedArgo-Tanimbar-Seram (ATS) ocean basin. Wider implications affect the tectonicconguration of the Tethyan-Pacic realm, the distribution of plate boundaries aswell as the shape and size of continental blocks which have been rifted off thenortheastern Gondwana margin during the Late Jurassic and are now accreted tothe SE Asia margin. We apply structural geology restoration techniques tounfold the subducted oceanic lithosphere of the Banda Slab. Our slab unfoldingresults help to discriminate between the different hypotheses concerning theorigin and kinematic history of the Bird's Head tectonic block. According toour preferred model, the block is required to rotate 20-35 degrees clockwiserelative to its present-day position and that the initial geometry of the ATSocean basin was more or less rectangular shaped. We evaluate currently acceptedplate kinematic scenarios for the Jurassic and younger seaoor spreading historynorth of Australia in conjunction with our restored ocean basin geometry andconclude that the Bird's Head block is autochthonous to western Irian Jaya,with its western margin being a continental transform margin during the riftingand opening of the ATS ocean.

Plate Tectonic Consequences of competing models for the origin and history of the Banda Sea subducted oceanic lithosphere