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Displacement experiments carried out in microfluidic porous media analogsshow that reduced surface tension leads to a more stable displacement, oppositeto the process in Hele-Shaw cells where surface tension stabilizes thedisplacement of a more viscous fluid by a less viscous fluid. In addition,geometry of porous media is observed to play an important role. Three randommicrofluidic porous media analogs were made to study water-oil drainagedynamics, featuring a pattern of randomly connected channels with a uniformwidth, a pattern with Gaussian channel width distribution, and a pattern withlarge isolated pores. The microfluidic chips fabricated usingPolydimenthylsiloxane with glass covers have the internal surface treated byTrichlorosilane to achieve a uniform oil-wet condition. The aqueous phasedisplaces the oil phase, with a viscosity ratio of about 1:40 and a densityratio of 1:0.85. Videos 1-3 show water flooding processes. It is observed thatboth channel size distribution (Video 2) and heterogeneity in pore size (Video3) lead to stronger fingers and reduced displacement efficiency. Video 4 showsthat meniscus in small channels retreat as water front moves into a nearbylarge cavity due to the disparity in the capillary force and contact anglehysteresis. Videos 5 and 6, both taken at 100X magnification in Chip 2, showthe stabilizing effect of reduced interfacial tension.

Water-oil drainage dynamics in oil-wet random microfluidic porous media analogs