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One way to understand the role history plays on evolutionary trajectories isby giving ancient life a second opportunity to evolve. Our ability toempirically perform such an experiment, however, is limited by currentexperimental designs. Combining ancestral sequence reconstruction withsynthetic biology allows us to resurrect the past within a modern context andhas expanded our understanding of protein functionality within a historicalcontext. Experimental evolution, on the other hand, provides us with theability to study evolution in action, under controlled conditions in thelaboratory. Here we describe a novel experimental setup that integrates twodisparate fields - ancestral sequence reconstruction and experimentalevolution. This allows us to rewind and replay the evolutionary history ofancient biomolecules in the laboratory. We anticipate that our combination willprovide a deeper understanding of the underlying roles that contingency anddeterminism play in shaping evolutionary processes.

Towards the Recapitulation of Ancient History in the Laboratory: Combining Synthetic Biology with Experimental Evolution