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This article provides a theoretical basis for relating macroscopic electricalsignals recorded from biological tissue, such as electroencephalogram (EEG) andlocal field potential (LFP), to the electrophysiological processes at thecellular level in a manner consistent with Maxwell's equations. Concepts of theapparent extracellular current density and the apparent extracellular spacewith apparent permittivity and conductivity are introduced from theconservation of current and Gauss's theorem. A general equation for the currentsource density (CSD) analysis is derived for biological tissue withfrequency-dependent apparent permittivity and conductivity. An intuitiveaccount of the apparent extracellular space is given to relate the concept tothe dielectric dispersion of biological tissue.

Apparent extracellular current density and extracellular space: basis for the current source density analysis in neural tissue