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Results from a new series of experiments on turbulent flows in a rotatingcircular container are presented. Electromagnetic forcing is applied to induceflow in a layer of fluid of constant depth. Continuously forced as well asdecaying flows are investigated. Optical altimetry is used to measure thegradient of the surface elevation field and to obtain the velocity andvorticity fields with high temporal and spatial resolution. Spectral analysisof the flows demonstrates the formation of dual cascade with energy andenstrophy intervals although the corresponding spectral fluxes of energy andenstrophy are not uniform in these intervals. The energy interval ischaracterized by the slope of approximately -5/3 in terms of wavenumber and islimited in extent by the finite radius of deformation effect. In the enstrophyrange, the slope is steeper than -3 due to the presence of long-lived coherentvortices. The spatial patterns of spectral fluxes in the flow indicate thatinverse energy transfer and direct enstrophy transfer occur mainly in elongatedvorticity patches. Cyclone/anticyclone asymmetry in favor of anticyclones isobserved in our flows. Dominance of anticyclones is most clear during the decayphase of turbulence. The anticyclones remain circular while cyclonic vorticityis stretched into elongated patches. Measurements show that skewness ofvorticity distribution increases with increasing Froude number of the flow.Inertial and Kelvin waves are detected in our experiments; theircharacteristics are analysed against the appropriate dispersion relations.

Altimetric measurements of rotating turbulence: cyclone-anticyclone asymmetry, inertial and Kelvin waves and spectral characteristics