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We propose an axiomatic approach to constructing the dynamics of systems, inwhich one the main elements is the consciousness of a subject. The main axiomis the statements that the state of consciousness is completely determined bythe results of measurements performed on it. In case of economic systems wepropose to consider an offer of transaction as a fundamental measurement.Transactions with delayed choice, discussed in this paper, represent a logicalgeneralization of incomplete transactions and allow for a more rigorousapproach to studying the properties of the algebra of economic measurements.Considering the behavior of an object as a sequence of actions and choicesallows extending the obtained results to random systems, which include thesubject's consciousness as one of its elements. The specifics, on which thedescription of fundamental measurements is based, allows easily transferringthe formalism of Schwinger's theory of selective measurements (and theconsequent quantum-mechanical formalism) to the economic and social systems.

Algebra of fundamental measurements as a basis of dynamics of economic systems