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Using data from the Web of Science (WoS), we analyze the mutual informationamong university, industrial, and governmental addresses (U-I-G) at the countrylevel for a number of countries. The dynamic evolution of the Triple Helix canthus be compared among developed and developing nations in terms ofcross-sectorial co-authorship relations. The results show that the Triple-Helixinteractions among the three subsystems U-I-G become less intensive over time,but unequally for different countries. We suggest that globalization erodeslocal Triple-Helix relations and thus can be expected to increasedifferentiation in national systems since the mid-1990s. This effect ofglobalization is more pronounced in developed countries than in developingones. In the dynamic analysis, we focus on a more detailed comparison betweenChina and the USA. The Chinese Academy of the (Social) Sciences changesincreasingly from a public research institute to an academic one, and this hasa measurable effect on China's position in the globalization.

The Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations at the Country Level, and Its Dynamic Evolution under the Pressures of Globalization