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We consider the analysis and design of space-time trellis codes (STTCs) for acooperative relay channel operating in amplify-and-forward (AF) mode assumingthe source and destination nodes are equipped with multiple antennas but therelay node has single antenna. We derive a pairwise error probability (PEP)expression for the performance of STTCs in this type of channels. A simpleupper-bound on PEP is then derived and is maximized to find the optimum STTCs.We show that the designed STTCs based on the derived criterion achieve fulldiversity in the AF relay channels especially at high signal-to-noise-ratios(SNRs). The maximum achievable diversity in relay channels with single-antennarelay is bounded by $\min(M,N)$ where $M$ and $N$ are respectively the numberof antennas in source and destination nodes. Simulation results confirm thatthe proposed codes achieve the maximum diversity and also provide an appealingcoding gain.

Using Space-Time trellis Codes For AF Relay Channels