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In this paper, short-term throughput optimal power allocation policies arederived for an energy harvesting transmitter with energy storage losses. Inparticular, the energy harvesting transmitter is equipped with a battery thatloses a fraction of its stored energy. Both single user, i.e. onetransmitter-one receiver, and the broadcast channel, i.e., onetransmitter-multiple receiver settings are considered, initially with aninfinite capacity battery. It is shown that the optimal policies for thesemodels are threshold policies. Specifically, storing energy when harvestedpower is above an upper threshold, retrieving energy when harvested power isbelow a lower threshold, and transmitting with the harvested energy in betweenis shown to maximize the weighted sum-rate. It is observed that the twothresholds are related through the storage efficiency of the battery, and arenondecreasing during the transmission. The results are then extended to thecase with finite battery capacity, where it is shown that a similardouble-threshold structure arises but the thresholds are no longer monotonic. Adynamic program that yields an optimal online power allocation is derived, andis shown to have a similar double-threshold structure. A simpler online policyis proposed and observed to perform close to the optimal policy.

Communicating Using an Energy Harvesting Transmitter: Optimum Policies Under Energy Storage Losses