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Zinc uptake in roots is believed to be mediated by ZIP (ZRT-, IRT-likeProteins) transporters. Once inside the symplast, zinc is transported to thepericycle, where it exits by means of HMA (Heavy Metal ATPase) transporters.The combination of symplastic transport and spatial separation of influx andefflux produces a pattern in which zinc accumulates in the pericycle. Here,mathematical modelling was employed to study the importance of ZIP regulation,HMA abundance and symplastic transport in creation of the radial pattern ofzinc in primary roots of Arabidopsis thaliana.  A comprehensive one-dimensional dynamic model of radial zinc transport inroots was developed and used to conduct simulations. The model accounts for thestructure of the root consisting of symplast and apoplast and includes effectsof water flow, diffusion, and cross-membrane transport via transporters. Italso incorporates the radial geometry and varying porosity of root tissues, aswell as regulation of ZIP transporters.  Steady state patterns were calculated for various zinc concentrations in themedium, water influx and HMA abundance. The experimentally observed zincgradient was reproduced very well. Increase of HMA or decrease in water influxled to loss of the gradient. The dynamic behaviour for a change in mediumconcentration and water influx was also simulated showing short adaptationtimes in the range of seconds to minutes. Slowing down regulation led tooscillations in expression levels, suggesting the need for rapid regulation andexistence of buffering agents.  The model captures the experimental findings very well and confirms thehypothesis that low abundance of HMA4 produces a radial gradient in zincconcentration. Surprisingly, transpiration was found to be also a keyparameter. The model suggests that ZIP regulation takes place on a comparabletime scale as symplastic transport.

Zinc Uptake and Radial Transport in Roots of Arabidopsis thaliana: A Modelling Approach to Understand Accumulation