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The evolution of the nuclear matter density distribution with excitationenergy is studied within the framework of a finite-range interacting Fermi gasmodel and microcanonical thermodynamics in Thomas-Fermi approximation. It isfound that with increasing excitation energy, both infinite and finite systemsbecome unstable against infinitesimal matter density fluctuations, albeit indifferent ways. In modeling, this instability reveals itself via an apparentnegative heat capacity of the system and is seen to result in the volumeboiling in the case of infinite matter and surface boiling in the case offinite systems. The latter phenomenon of surface boiling is unique to smallsystems and it appears to provide a natural explanation for the observedsaturation-like patterns in what is commonly termed caloric curves and whatrepresents functional dependence of nuclear temperature on the excitationenergy.

Surface Boiling - a New Type of Instability of Highly Excited Atomic Nuclei