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Systematically magnetic and magnetothermal measurements at temperatures downto 2 K and magnetic fields up to 13.5 Tesla for Gd(OH)3 Single CrystalNanowires - Quasi-1D Large Spin (S = -7/2) Chain Antiferromagnet have beenconducted. We find that, (1) magnetic field enhances the thermal and local spinfluctuations which suppress long-range spin ordering (LRO) within the measuredtemperature range, and close to 0 K at the quantum critical point (QCP); (2)possible field-induced exotic local spin-liquid-like, aligned-spin, andspin-flip exotic paramagnetic phases, and transitions in the low temperatureand high field range have been observed, allowing us to identify a possiblequantum critical point; (3) there is extremely large, fully reversible MCE(magnetic entropy change (-{\Delta}SM) = 27.8, 66, and 88 J / kg K, adiabatictemperature change ({\Delta}Tad) = 6.7, 17.6, and 36.4 K at 2.55 K for fieldchanges of 2, 5, and 11 T, respectively in the continuum of quantum phasetransitions in this system; (4) moreover, careful experiments and analysis mayallow experimental determination and set up a quantum phase diagram of thissystem. The magnetic-entropy change monotonically increases with decreasingtemperature, and it exceeds the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in any other knownlow temperature reversible MCE material by at least a factor of 3. Theextremely large magnetic entropy change may be attributed to the large amountof weakly interacting spins that can be easily aligned at low-lying energy inthe quantum critical regime of our nanosized materials, since there is largeMCE in the local spin-liquid-like (low energy excitation and even gaplessstate) range. These indicate that the material is a promising MCE candidate forlow temperature application, and possibly could make ultra-low temperatureseasily achievable for most laboratories and for space application as well.

Extremely Large Magnetic Entropy Changes, Quantum Phases, Transitions  and Diagram in Gd(OH)3 Single Crystal Nanowires - Quasi-1D Large Spin (S =  -7/2) Chain Antiferromagnet