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In recent decades it has been detected in Italy a decrease in enrollment inbasic sciences, i.e. Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry. The increase inspecific orientation is strategically crucial to achieve the goal ofmaintaining and increasing the number of motivated and capable students whoenroll in these courses. With the purpose of increasing scientific vocations,workshops were organized in high schools and teachers involved in planning andimplementation of laboratories, conferences for scientific outreach, thematicexhibitions, guided tours of research laboratories, summer's schools forstudents and courses for teachers were realized for developing a culturalenhancement in teaching basic sciences. Particularly significant is the case ofactivities organized by the Department of Physics of the University of Sienafor students and teachers in Southern Tuscany. The methods used in culturalenhancement of teachers and activities designed to support schools with limitedlaboratory facilities, together with stimulating activities for motivatedstudents are allowed to take root for some good practices in physics teachingand orientation to scientific degrees. Beyond describing the main activitiesfor orientation to Physics, activities done in partnership with chemists,biologists and geologists are reported, as well as an activity in which theDepartments of Mathematical Sciences and Physics are both involved in lookingfor introducing new interdisciplinary methodologies to increase students'understanding in high school of some selected topics in which both disciplinesgive a contribution in the construction of important and mutually reinforcingbasic concepts.

Fostering Student Enrollment in Basic Sciences: the Case of Southern Tuscany