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Jules Bloch's work on formation of the Marathi language has to be expandedfurther to provide for a study of evolution and formation of Indian languagesin the Indian language union (sprachbund). The paper analyses the stages in theevolution of early writing systems which began with the evolution of countingin the ancient Near East. A stage anterior to the stage of syllabicrepresentation of sounds of a language, is identified. Unique geometric shapesrequired for tokens to categorize objects became too large to handle toabstract hundreds of categories of goods and metallurgical processes during theproduction of bronze-age goods. About 3500 BCE, Indus script as a writingsystem was developed to use hieroglyphs to represent the 'spoken words'identifying each of the goods and processes. A rebus method of representingsimilar sounding words of the lingua franca of the artisans was used in Indusscript. This method is recognized and consistently applied for the linguafranca of the Indian sprachbund. That the ancient languages of India,constituted a sprachbund (or language union) is now recognized by manylinguists. The sprachbund area is proximate to the area where most of the Indusscript inscriptions were discovered, as documented in the corpora. Thathundreds of Indian hieroglyphs continued to be used in metallurgy is evidencedby their use on early punch-marked coins. This explains the combined use ofsyllabic scripts such as Brahmi and Kharoshti together with the hieroglyphs onRampurva copper bolt, and Sohgaura copper plate from about 6th centuryBCE.Indian hieroglyphs constitute a writing system for meluhha language and arerebus representations of archaeo-metallurgy lexemes. The rebus principle wasemployed by the early scripts and can legitimately be used to decipher theIndus script, after secure pictorial identification.

Indus script corpora, archaeo-metallurgy and Meluhha (Mleccha)