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Pregnant women have increased susceptibility to malaria infection. In thesewomen, malaria parasites are frequently found sequestered in the placentalintervillous spaces, a condition referred to as placental malaria (PM).Placental malaria threatens the health of the mother and the child's life bycausing still births and reduction in gestational age. An estimated 24 millionpregnant women in Sub-Saharan Africa are at risk. Mechanisms responsible forincreased susceptibility in pregnant women are not fully understood. Pregnancymalaria studies have been limited by the lack of a suitable animal model. Thisresearch aimed to develop a baboon (Papio anubis) model for studying PM. Thepregnancies of three adult female baboons were synchronized and theirgestational levels confirmed by ultrasonography. On the 150th day of gestationthe pregnant baboons were infected with Plasmodium knowlesi H strain parasitestogether with four nulligravid control baboons. Parasitaemia was monitored fromtwo days post inoculation until the 159th day of gestation when caesareansection was done on one baboon in order to obtain the placenta. Two baboonsaborted their conceptus. Smears prepared from placental blood demonstrated thepresence of Plasmodium knowlesi parasites in all the three sampled placentas.These new findings show that P. knowlesi sequesters in the baboon placenta. Inaddition, this study has characterized haemoglobin, eosinophil, ImmunoglobulinG and Immunoglobulin M profiles in this model. Thus a non human primate(baboon) model for studying PM has been established. The established baboon -P. knowlesi model for studying human placental/pregnancy malaria now offers anopportunity for circumventing the obstacles experienced during human studieslike having inadequate tissue for analysis, inaccurate estimation ofgestational age, moral, ethical and financial limitations.

Characterisation of placental malaria in olive baboons (Papio anubis) infected with Plasmodium knowlesi H strain