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Ideological considerations have always influenced science, but rarely asdirectly and massively as in the Soviet Union during the early Cold War period.Cosmology was among the sciences that became heavily politicized and forced toconform to the doctrines of Marxism-Leninism. This field of science developedentirely differently in the Communist countries than in the West, in largemeasure because of political pressure. Certain cosmological models, inparticular of the big bang type, were declared pseudo-scientific and idealisticbecause they implied a cosmic creation, a concept which was taken to bereligious. The result of the ideological pressure was not an independent Sovietcosmology, but that astronomers and physicists abandoned cosmological researchin the Western sense. Only in the 1960s did this situation change, andcosmology in the Soviet Union began to flourish. The paper examines therelationship between science and political ideology in the case of the SovietUnion from about 1947 to 1963, and it also relates this case to the later onein the People's Republic of China.

The Universe, the Cold War, and Dialectical Materialism