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Lattice QCD calculations in charm and bottom physics are particularlyimportant because they can provide the hadronic weak decay matrix elementsneeded for key constraints on the CKM Unitarity Triangle. I will summariserecent results in this area, paying particular attention to sources of error,comparison between methods and tests of results against experiment, forexample, in the spectrum. Updated world averages for decay constants this yearare : $f_{D_s}$=248.6(2.4) MeV; $f_D$ = 212.1(3.4) MeV; $f_{B_s}$ = 227(4) MeV;$f_B$ = 190(4) MeV. Note that B decay constants are clearly lower than thecorresponding D decay constants. Improved $D$ semileptonic form factors, bothshape and normalisation, now allow the direct determination of $V_{cs}$ and$V_{cd}$ to 3% and 5% respectively. This year we also have a cleardemonstration that dependence of form factors on the spectator quark massbetween light and strange is very small. Apart from the phenomenologyimplications, this has practical application to the normalisation of branchingfractions in experiment. The current best Standard model rate for a key LHCmode sensitive to new physics - $B_{(s)} \rightarrow \mu^+\mu^-$ - is derivedfrom lattice QCD calculations on $B/B_s$ mixing rates. I will discuss thecurrent result and prospects for improving lattice QCD errors.

Standard Model Heavy Flavor physics on the Lattice