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We present a framework for studying the problem of media streaming intechnology and cost heterogeneous environments. We first address the problem ofefficient streaming in a technology-heterogeneous setting. We employ randomlinear network coding to simplify the packet selection strategies and alleviateissues such as duplicate packet reception. Then, we study the problem of mediastreaming from multiple cost-heterogeneous access networks. Our objective is tocharacterize analytically the trade-off between access cost and userexperience. We model the Quality of user Experience (QoE) as the probability ofinterruption in playback as well as the initial waiting time. We design andcharacterize various control policies, and formulate the optimal controlproblem using a Markov Decision Process (MDP) with a probabilistic constraint.We present a characterization of the optimal policy using theHamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation. For a fluid approximation model, weprovide an exact and explicit characterization of a threshold policy and proveits optimality using the HJB equation.  Our simulation results show that under properly designed control policy, theexistence of alternative access technology as a complement for a primary accessnetwork can significantly improve the user experience without any bandwidthover-provisioning.

QoE-aware Media Streaming in Technology and Cost Heterogeneous Networks