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In this paper we solve the equation $f(g(x))=f(x)h^m(x)$ where $f(x)$, $g(x)$and $h(x)$ are unknown polynomials with coefficients in an arbitrary field $K$,$f(x)$ is non-constant and separable, $\deg g \geq 2$, the polynomial $g(x)$has non-zero derivative $g'(x) \ne 0$ in $K[x]$ and the integer $m \geq 2$ isnot divisible by the characteristic of the field $K$. We prove that thisequation has no solutions if $\deg f \geq 3$. If $\deg f = 2$, we prove that $m= 2$ and give all solutions explicitly in terms of Chebyshev polynomials. Thediophantine applications for such polynomials $f(x)$, $g(x)$, $h(x)$ withcoefficients in $\Q$ or $\Z$ are considered in the context of the conjecture ofCassaign et. al on the values of Louiville's $\lambda$ function at points$f(r)$, $r \in \Q$.

On the equation $f(g(x)) =f(x)h^m(x)$ for composite polynomials