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Familial Searching is the process of searching in a DNA database forrelatives of a certain individual. It is well known that in order to evaluatethe genetic evidence in favour of a certain given form of relatedness betweentwo individuals, one needs to calculate the appropriate likelihood ratio, whichis in this context called a Kinship Index. Suppose that the database contains,for a given type of relative, at most one related individual. Given priorprobabilities for being the relative for all persons in the database, we derivethe likelihood ratio for each database member in favour of being that relative.This likelihood ratio takes all the Kinship Indices between the targetindividual and the members of the database into account. We also compute thecorresponding posterior probabilities. We then discuss two methods to select asubset from the database that contains the relative with a known probability,or at least a useful lower bound thereof. One method needs prior probabilitiesand yields posterior probabilities, the other does not. We discuss the relationbetween the approaches, and illustrate the methods with familial searchingcarried out in the Dutch National DNA Database.

Forensic Identification: Database likelihood ratios and familial DNA searching