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We develop an approximate analytical technique for evaluating the performanceof multi-hop networks based on beacon-less CSMA/CA as standardised in IEEE802.15.4, a popular standard for wireless sensor networks. The networkcomprises sensor nodes, which generate measurement packets, and relay nodeswhich only forward packets. We consider a detailed stochastic process at eachnode, and analyse this process taking into account the interaction withneighbouring nodes via certain unknown variables (e.g., channel sensing rates,collision probabilities, etc.). By coupling these analyses of the variousnodes, we obtain fixed point equations that can be solved numerically to obtainthe unknown variables, thereby yielding approximations of time averageperformance measures, such as packet discard probabilities and average queueingdelays. Different analyses arise for networks with no hidden nodes and networkswith hidden nodes. We apply this approach to the performance analysis of treenetworks rooted at a data sink. Finally, we provide a validation of ouranalysis technique against simulations.

Performance Analysis of Beacon-Less IEEE 802.15.4 Multi-Hop Networks