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In Interwar France, Henri Villat became the true leader of theoreticalresearches on fluid mechanics. Most of his original work was done before theFirst World War; it was highly theoretical and its applicability wasquestioned. After having organized the first post-WWI International Congress ofMathematicians in 1920, Villat became the editor of the famous Journal demath\'ematiques pure et appliqu\'es and the director of the influential bookseries "M\'emorial des sciences math\'ematiques." From 1929 on, he held thefluid mechanics chair established by the Air Ministry at the Sorbonne in Parisand was heading the government's critical effort invested in fluid mechanics.However, while both his wake theory and his turbulence theory seemingly hadlittle success outside France or in the aeronautical industry (except in theeyes of his students), applied mathematics was despised by the loud generationof Bourbaki mathematicians coming of age in the mid 1930s. How are we tounderstand the contrasted assessments one can make of Villat's place in thehistory of fluid mechanics?

"Audacity or Precision": The Paradoxes of Henri Villat's Fluid Mechanics in Interwar France