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Rossi's career paralleled the evolution of cosmic-ray physics. Starting fromthe early 1930s his pioneering work on the nature and behavior of cosmic raysled to fundamental contributions in the field of experimental cosmic-rayphysics and laid the foundation for high-energy particle physics. After thewar, under his leadership the Cosmic Ray group at MIT investigated theproperties of the primary cosmic rays elucidating the processes involved intheir propagation through the atmosphere, and measuring the unstable particlesgenerated in the interactions with matter. When accelerators came to dominateparticle physics, Rossi's attention focused on the new opportunities forexploratory investigations made possible by the availability of space vehicles.He initiated a research program which led to the first in situ measurements ofthe density, speed and direction of the solar wind at the boundary of Earth'smagnetosphere and inspired the search for extra-solar X-ray sources resultingin the detection of what revealed to be the most powerful X-ray source inEarth's skies. The discovery of Scorpius X-1 marked the beginning of X-rayastronomy, which soon became a principal tool of astrophysics research.

Bruno Rossi and Cosmic Rays: From Earth laboratories to Physics in Space