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By tuning the radiative coupling of localized surface plasmons to diffractedorders, we demonstrate how stop-gaps in plasmonic crystals of nanorods may beopened and tuned. The stop-gap arises from the mutual coupling of surfacelattice resonances (SLRs), which are collective resonances associated withcounter-propagating surface polaritons. We present experimental results forthree different nanorod arrays, where we show how the dispersion of SLRs can becontrolled by modifying the size of the rods. Combining experiments withnumerical simulations, we show how the properties of the stop-gap can betailored by tuning a single structural factor. We find that the centralfrequency of the stop-gap falls quadratically, the frequency width of thestop-gap rises linearly, and the in-plane momentum width of the standing wavesrises quadratically, as the width of the nanorods increases. Theserelationships hold for a broad range of nanorod widths, including duty cyclesof the array between 20% to 80%. We discuss the physics in terms of a coupledoscillator analog, which relates the tunability of the stop-gaps to thecoupling strength of plasmonic modes.

Opening stop-gaps in plasmonic crystals by tuning the radiative coupling of surface plasmons to diffracted orders