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The main focus of this thesis is the IR spectral regime, which since the 70'sand 80's has revolutionised our understanding of the Universe. Amulti-wavelength analysis on Extremely Red Galaxy populations is firstpresented in one of the most intensively observed patch of the sky, the ChandraDeep Field South. By adopting a purely statistical methodology, we consider allthe photometric and spectroscopic information available on large samples ofExtremely Red Objects (EROs, 553 sources), IRAC EROs (IEROs, 259 sources), andDistant Red Galaxies (DRGs, 289 sources). We derive general properties:redshift distributions, AGN host fraction, star-formation rate densities, dustcontent, morphology, mass functions and mass densities. The results point tothe fact that EROs, IEROs, and DRGs all belong to the same population, yet seenat different phases of galaxy evolution. The second part of this thesis isdedicated to the AGN selection in the IR, with particular relevance to theJames Webb Space Telescope, to be launched in 2018. We develop an improved IRcriterion (using K and IRAC bands) as an alternative to existing IR AGNcriteria for the z<2.5 regime, and develop another IR criterion which reliablyselects AGN hosts at 0<z<7 (using K, Spitzer-IRAC, and Spitzer-MIPS24um bands,KIM). The ability to track AGN activity since the end of reionization holdsgreat advantages for the study of galaxy evolution. The thesis then focus onthe importance of dust. Based on deep IR data on the Cosmological Survey, wederive rest-frame 1.6, 3.3, and 6.2um luminosity functions and their dependencyon redshift. We estimate the dust contribution to those wavelengths and showthat the hot dust luminosity density evolves since z=1-2 with a much steeperdrop than the star-formation history of the Universe. Future prospects arefinally discussed in the last chapter.

A multiwavelength study of near- and mid-infrared selected galaxies at high redshift: ERGs, AGN-identification and the contribution from dust