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Many species show avoidance reactions in response to looming objectapproaches. In locusts, the corresponding escape behavior correlates with theactivity of the lobula giant movement detector (LGMD) neuron. During an objectapproach, its firing rate was reported to gradually increase until a peak isreached, and then it declines quickly. The ETA-function predicts that the LGMDactivity is a product between an exponential function of angular size andangular velocity, and that peak activity is reached before time-to-contact(ttc). The ETA-function has become the prevailing LGMD model because itreproduces many experimental observations, and even experimental evidence forthe multiplicative operation was reported. Several inconsistencies remainunresolved, though. Here we address these issues with a new model (PSI-model),which explicitly connects angular size and angular velocity to biophysicalquantities. The PSI-model avoids biophysical problems associated withimplementing exp(), implements the multiplicative operation of ETA via divisiveinhibition, and explains why activity peaks could occur after ttc. Itconsistently predicts response features of the LGMD, and provides excellentfits to published experimental data, with goodness of fit measures comparableto corresponding fits with the ETA-function.

Computation of Object Approach by a Biophysical Model of a Wide-Field Visual Neuron: Dynamics, Peaks, and Fits