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The NEAT (Nearby Earth Astrometric Telescope) mission is a propositionsubmitted to ESA for its 2010 call for M-size mission. The main scientific goalis to detect and characterize planetary systems in an exhaustive way down to 1Earth mass in the habitable zone and further away, around nearby stars for F,G, and K spectral types. This survey would provide the actual planetary masses,the full characterization of the orbits including their inclination, for allthe components of the planetary system down to that mass limit. Extremely-high-precision astrometry, in space, can detect the dynamical effect due toeven low mass orbiting planets on their central star, reaching those scientificgoals. NEAT will continue the work performed by Hipparcos (1mas precision) andGaia (7{\mu}as aimed) by reaching a precision that is improved by two orders ofmagnitude (0.05{\mu}as, 1{\sigma} accuracy). The two modules of the payload,the telescope and the focal plane, must be placed 40m away leading to aformation flying option studied as the reference mission. NEAT will operate atL2 for 5 years, the telescope satellite moving around the focal plane one topoint different targets and allowing whole sky coverage in less than 20 days.The payload is made of 3 subsystems: primary mirror and its dynamic support,the focal plane with the detectors, and the metrology. The principle is tomeasure the angles between the target star, usually bright (R \leq 6), andfainter reference stars (R \leq 11) using a metrology system that projectsdynamical Young's fringes onto the focal plane. The proposed architecturerelies on two satellites of about 700 kg, offering a capability of more than20,000 reconfigurations. The two satellites are launched in a stackedconfiguration using a Soyuz ST launch, and are deployed after launch toindividually perform cruise to their operational Lissajous orbit.

NEAT, An Astrometric Telescope To Probe Planetary Systems Down To The Earth Mass Around Nearby Solar-Type Stars