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A number of biological processes, such as embryo development, cancermetastasis or wound healing, rely on cells moving in concert. The mechanismsleading to the emergence of coordinated motion remain however largelyunexplored. Although biomolecular signalling is known to be involved in mostoccurrences of collective migration, the role of physical and mechanicalinteractions has only been recently investigated. In this paper, a versatileframework for cell motility is implemented in-silico in order to study theminimal requirements for the coordination of a group of epithelial cells. Wefind that cell motility and cell-cell mechanical interactions are sufficient togenerate a broad array of behaviours commonly observed in vitro and in vivo.Cell streaming, sheet migration and susceptibility to leader cells are examplesof behaviours spontaneously emerging from these simple assumptions, which mightexplain why collective effects are so ubiquitous in nature. This analysisprovides also new insights into cancer metastasis and cell sorting, suggestingin particular that collective invasion might result from an emergingcoordination in a system where single cells are mechanically unable to invade.

Collective Cell Migration: Leadership, Invasion and Segregation