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Railway traffic induces cyclic and dynamic loadings in the track structurebut also in the close environment (Degrande et al. 2006, Fran\c{c}ois et al.2007, Kausel 2008, Lefeuve-Mesgouez et al 2002, Paolucci et Spinelli 2006). Theanalysis of such excitations and their effects (e.g. vibrations, waves, etc) isfundamental to estimate their level and mitigate their potential consequences(settlements, nuisances, etc). After a brief summary of the currentregulations, in situ experiments show the variability of the parameterscharacterizing the main phenomena (wave propagation into the soil, inducedvibrations, etc). The main dynamic laboratory experiments are then discussed.They allow the estimation of the dynamic features of the materials (e.g.resonant column test), but also a simplified analysis of the main phenomenaunder controlled conditions (e.g. experiments in a geotechnical pit, centrifugetests). The vibratory sources and the impedance ratios between the various soillayers (or some inclusions) being known, it is then possible to model somespecific or actual configurations through theoretical (transfer functions) ornumerical (e.g. finite elements, boundary elements) methods. Parametric studiesallow the analysis of the propagation phenomena and the attenuation process inthe soil in order to investigate the spatial variations of the vibrationsamplitude in such various configurations. Finally, it may be useful to considermitigation or isolation techniques in order to limit the consequences of theinduced vibrations (e.g. vibratory nuisances, radiated noise). Severalexperimental and numerical results illustrate this key issue.

Railway vibrations induced into the soil: experiments, modelling and  isolation. - Vibrations induites dans les sols par le trafic ferroviaire :  exp\'erimentations, mod\'elisations et isolation