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Asteroid (175706) 1996 FG3 is a binary asteroid and the baseline target forthe proposed MarcoPolo-R sample-return mission. We present thermal IRphotometry obtained with the ESO VLT+VISIR together with optical photometryobtained with the ESO NTT+EFOSC2 . An absolute visual magnitude H_V = 17.833\pm 0.024 and phase parameter G = -0.041 \pm 0.005 is derived. The Near-EarthAsteroid Thermal Model (NEATM) has been fitted to the measured fluxes to derivea geometric visual albedo p_v = 0.046 \pm 0.014, effective diameter at theobserved aspect D_eff = 1.68 \pm 0.25 km, and beaming parameter {\eta} = 1.15for phase angle {\alpha} = 11.7{\deg}. The Advanced Thermophysical Model (ATPM)has been fitted to the measured fluxes to derive a more accurate effectivediameter D_eff = 1.71 \pm 0.07 km and albedo p_v = 0.044 \pm 0.004. Based onthe ATPM results, assuming the same albedo for primary and secondary, we derivea primary mean spherical diameter D_p = (1.69 +0.18/-0.12) km, secondarydiameter D_s = 0.51 \pm 0.03 km, and a secondary orbital semi-major axis a =(2.8 +1.7/-0.7) km. A low surface thermal inertia {\Gamma} = 120 \pm 50 J m^-2s^-1/2 K^-1 was also derived, suggesting a dusty surface and raising questionsas to the binary formation mechanism of this asteroid. These physicalproperties are used to predict a Yarkovsky drift in semi-major axis of (-60+31/-45) m yr-1.

Physical characterisation of low delta-V asteroid (175706) 1996 FG3