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Subsurface float and moored observations are presented to show for the firsttime the formation and propagation of anticyclonic submesoscale coherentvortices that transport relatively cold, fresh subpolar water to the interiorsubtropical North Atlantic. Acoustically tracked RAFOS floats released in thesouthward-flowing Western Boundary Current at the exit of the Labrador Seareveal the formation of three of these eddies at the southern tip of the GrandBanks (42 N, 50 W). Using a recently developed method to detect eddies in floattrajectories and estimate their kinematic properties, it was found that theeddies had average rotation periods of 5--7 days at radii of 1025 km, with meanrotation speeds of up to 0.3 m/s. One especially long-lived (5.1 months) eddycrossed under the Gulf Stream path and translated southwestward in thesubtropical recirculation to at least 35 N, where it hit one of the Corner RiseSeamounts. Velocity, temperature and salinity measurements from a nine-monthdeployment of two moorings south of the Gulf Stream at 38 N, 50 W reveal thepassage of at least two eddies with similar hydrographic and kinematicproperties. The core temperature and salinity properties of the eddies implytheir formation at intermediate levels of the Labrador Current south of theTail of the Grand Banks. These observations confirm earlier speculation thateddies form in this region and transport anomalously cold, low-salinity waterdirectly into the subtropical interior. Possible formation mechanisms andpotential importance of these eddies to interior ventilation and theequatorward spreading of Labrador Sea Water are discussed.

Direct observations of formation and propagation of subpolar eddies into the subtropical North Atlantic