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Finite element models of the thorax are under development to assist vehiclesafety researchers with the design of countermeasures such as advanced restrainsystems. Computational models have become more refined with increasinggeometrical complexity as element size decreases. These finite element modelscan now capture small geometrical features with an attempt to predict fracture.However, the bone material properties currently available, and in particularthe rate sensitivity, have been mainly determined from compression tests ortests on long bones. There is a need for a new set of material properties forthe human rib cortical bone. With this objective, a new clamping technique wasdeveloped to test small bone coupons under tensile loading. Ten coupons wereharvested from the cortical shell of the sixth and seventh left ribs from threecadavers. The coupons were tested to fracture under quasi-static (target strainrate of 0.07 %/s) and dynamic loading (target strain rate of 170 %/s). Prior totesting, each coupon was imaged with a computed micro-tomograph to document thebone microstructure. An optical method was used to determine the strain fieldin the coupon for the quasi-static tests. The rib bone coupons were found to beelastic, with brittle fracture. No plastic behavior was observed in this testseries. The bone coupons were assumed isotropic, homogeneous and elasticlinear, and the average Young's modulus for the quasi-static tests (13.5 GPa)and the failure stresses (quasi-static: 112 MPa, dynamic: 124.6 MPa) were inline with published data. Fracture however did not always occur in the gagearea where the cross-sectional area was the smallest, which contradicted theassumption of isotropy and homogeneity. The comparison with material propertiesobtained for long bones suggests that the effective cross-section has an effecton the calculated material properties.

Tensile material properties of human rib cortical bone under  quasi-static and dynamic failure loading and influence of the bone  microstucture on failure characteristics