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Motivated by the state of the art method for fabricating high densityperiodic nanoscale defects in graphene, the structural, mechanical andelectronic properties of defect-patterned graphene nanomeshes including diversemorphologies of adatoms and holes are investigated by means of first-principlescalculations within density functional theory. It is found that variouspatterns of adatom groups yield metallic or semimetallic, even semiconductingbehavior and specific patterns can be in a magnetic state. Even though thepatterns of single adatoms dramatically alter the electronic structure ofgraphene, adatom groups of specific symmetry can maintain the Dirac fermionbehavior. Nanoholes forming nanomesh are also investigated. Depending on theinterplay between the repeat periodicity and the geometry of the hole, thenanomesh can be in different states ranging from metallic to semiconductingincluding semimetallic state with the bands crossing linearly at the Fermilevel. We showed that forming periodically repeating superstructures ingraphene matrix can develop a promising technique to engineer nanomaterialswith desired electronic and magnetic properties.

Graphene Nanomeshes: Existence of Defect-Induced Dirac Fermions on Graphene Host Matrix