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Over the last few years there has been much interest in the production ofhard X-rays from various targets using a kHz short pulse laser at intensitiesabove 1014Wcm-2 (A). Most of these studies have been carried out in vacuum andvery many fewer studies have been carried out in air. Recently this lack hasbeen partially addressed with the development of femtosecond lasermicromachining. Another similar although apparently unconnected field (B) dealswith the channelling of high power laser beam in filaments after passagethrough long distances in air. This has been largely driven by the constructionof a mobile terawatt laser beam (Teramobile) for atmospheric studies. The laserbeams in these two cases (A and B) have very different pulse energies (mJagainst J) although the filaments in (B) have similar energies to (A) and areclamped at intensities less than 1014 Wcm-2. This paper has been written tocompare the production of hard X-rays in these two cases. The conclusion isinteresting that a focused sub TW laser pulse in air reaches intensitiessufficiently high that characteristic K and L X-rays are generated from anumber of metal and non metal targets as well as a continuous bremsstrahlungspectrum. On the other hand the clamping of the multi-filaments in a 100 TWlaser beam in air cannot generate hard Xrays especially when propagated overlong distances.

Comparison of hard x-ray production from various targets in air using a  short pulse kHz laser with photon production from a high power multifilament  laser beam from the same targets in air