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Within the quasichemical approach, the hydration free energy of an ion isdecomposed into a chemical term accounting for ion specific ion-waterinteractions within the coordination sphere and nonspecific contributionsaccounting for packing (excluded volume) and long range interactions. Thechange in the chemical term with a change in the radius of the coordinationsphere is the compressive force exerted by the bulk solvent medium on thesurface of the coordination sphere. For the Na+, K+, F-, and Cl- ionsconsidered here this compressive force becomes equal for similarly charged ionsfor coordination radii of about 0.39 nm, not much larger than a water molecule.These results show that ion specific effects are short ranged and ariseprimarily due to differences in the local ion-water interactions.

Range of ion specific effects in the hydration of ions