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Due to the increasing demand of capacity in wireless cellular networks, thesmall cells such as pico and femto cells are becoming more popular to enjoy aspatial reuse gain, and thus cells with different sizes are expected to coexistin a complex manner. In such a heterogeneous environment, the role ofinterference management (IM) becomes of more importance, but technicalchallenges also increase, since the number of cell-edge users, suffering fromsevere interference from the neighboring cells, will naturally grow. In orderto overcome low performance and/or high complexity of existing static and otherdynamic IM algorithms, we propose a novel low-complex and fully distributed IMscheme, called REFIM, in the downlink of heterogeneous multi-cell networks. Wefirst formulate a general optimization problem that turns out to requireintractable computation complexity for global optimality. To have a practicalsolution with low computational and signaling overhead, which is crucial forlow-cost small-cell solutions, e.g., femto cells, in REFIM, we decompose itinto per-BS problems based on the notion of reference user and reduce feedbackoverhead over backhauls both temporally and spatially. We evaluate REFIMthrough extensive simulations under various configurations, including thescenarios from a real deployment of BSs. We show that, compared to the schemeswithout IM, REFIM can yield more than 40% throughput improvement of cell-edgeusers while increasing the overall performance by 10~107%. This is equal toabout 95% performance of the existing centralized IM algorithm that is known tobe near-optimal but hard to implement in practice due to prohibitivecomplexity. We also present that as long as interference is managed well, thespectrum sharing policy can outperform the best spectrum splitting policy wherethe number of subchannels is optimally divided between macro and femto cells.

REFIM: A Practical Interference Management in Heterogeneous Wireless Access Networks