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The characterization of extrasolar earth-like atmospheres for biosignaturesremains one of the most compelling and elusive challenges in astronomy.Coronagraphy, nulling interferometry and free-flying occulters have beenadvanced as potential techniques to accomplish this gaol. In this paper, acomplementary approach, coherent interferometry in the far infrared isconsidered. For an interferometer operating close to the quantum noise limit, acollecting area of $\sim$ 1000 m$^{2}$ and baselines of 200 m are sufficient todetect an earth-like planet. The high spectral resolution achievable withcoherent detection further enables unambiguous molecular inventory of anatmosphere and retrieval of atmospheric temperature-pressure-compositionprofiles. The far-infrared is rich in molecular features, particularlytransitions of the key biosignature molecules H$_2$O and O$_3$. The level ofdetail that can be obtained on atmospheres is such that the goals of detectionand detailed characterization of biosignatures can be accomplished by the samemission. Hitherto, however, the majority of modeling efforts concerning theextrasolar planet atmospheres has been limited to the visible and thermalinfrared regimes considered for coronagraphs and nulling interferometry. It istherefore worth seriously investigating the feasibility of such an architecturefor a possible mission, and considering biosignatures that might be availablein the far-infrared.

Habitable Planet Detection and Characterization with Far Infrared Coherent Interferometry