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Background: Acceleration of adaptation dynamics by stress-inducedhypermutation has been found experimentally. Evolved evolvability is aprominent explanation. We investigate a more generally applicable explanationby a physical constraint. Methods and Results: A generic thermodynamicalanalysis of genetic information storage obviates physical constraints on theintegrity of genetic information. The capability to employ metabolic resourcesis found as a major determinant of mutation probability in stored geneticinformation. Incorporation into a non-recombinant, asexual adaptation toy modelpredicts cases of markedly accelerated adaptation, driven by a transientincrease of mutation rate. No change in the mutation rate as a genetic trait isrequired. The mutation rate of one and the same genotype varies dependent onstress level. Implications: Stress-dependent mutation rates are physicallynecessary and challenge a condition-independent genotype to mutation ratemapping. This holds implications for evolutionary theory and pathogen andcancer evolution.

Shifting gears: Thermodynamics of genetic information storage suggest stress-dependence of mutation rate, which can accelerate adaptation